6 min read
Why a physical model helps
CT and MRI images are viewed as slices or as 3D renders on a flat screen. For complex cases, such as a comminuted fracture, a congenital heart defect or a tumor close to major vessels, a physical model lets the surgical team see and handle the patient's actual anatomy before the operation.
Surgeons use these models to plan approaches, choose and pre-bend plates, and discuss the case with colleagues. They are also a powerful tool for explaining a procedure to patients and families.
Common applications
- Orthopedics and trauma: fractures, deformities and joint planning
- Maxillofacial surgery: jaw reconstruction and facial trauma
- Cardiology and cardiac surgery: congenital heart defects
- Neurosurgery: skull and vascular anatomy
- Oncology: tumor position relative to surrounding structures
- Patient education and informed consent discussions
Choosing the printing technology
FDM printers are the most economical option for bones and larger anatomy. They print in PLA or PETG, handle big parts well and are simple to operate. Multi-color FDM printers can show different structures in different colors in a single print.
Resin printers produce finer detail and smoother surfaces, which suits small anatomy, vessels and parts that need transparency. Clear resin can show internal structures such as channels and cavities.
Many hospital 3D printing labs start with one of each: FDM for large bone models and resin for small, detailed cases.
From scan to model
The process starts with a good-quality CT or MRI scan exported as DICOM files. Segmentation software isolates the anatomy of interest and exports it as an STL file, which is then sliced and printed. Read our DICOM to STL guide for the details.
Important limits
Anatomical models for planning, teaching and communication are not medical devices when they do not touch the patient. Anything that enters the sterile field or the body, such as surgical guides or implants, requires certified materials, validated processes and compliance with the regulations that apply in your country. Accuracy also depends on the scan quality and segmentation, so models should be reviewed by the clinical team.
Equipment in Jordan
Jordan is a regional center for medical care, and more hospitals and universities are building in-house 3D printing capability. Jordan Automation supplies FDM and resin printers, filaments, resins and spare parts in Amman, with local support. Contact us to discuss a setup for your department.
Frequently asked questions
What material is best for bone models?
PLA on an FDM printer is the most common choice. It is inexpensive, accurate and easy to print. White or bone-colored filament gives a realistic look.
Can I sterilize a PLA model and bring it into the operating room?
PLA cannot withstand standard steam sterilization. Models that enter the sterile field require suitable materials and validated sterilization processes; consult your hospital's infection control team.
How long does it take to print an anatomical model?
From a few hours for a small bone to a day or more for a large pelvis or skull, depending on size, the printer and the chosen quality.